![]() ![]() Tensions were increasing between North and South Vietnam by May 1965. Added to this were 'emerging threats' from communism in Asia and Australia's overseas commitment to Cold War allies. The need to grow the Army was mainly in response to Australia's involvement in the Indonesian Confrontation and concerns about war with Indonesia in New Guinea. He claimed compulsory national service was the only way to boost the Army's numbers. Minister for the Army, Jim Forbes, had argued for its reintroduction. Ĭonscription returned to Australia in November 1964. In view of the deteriorating strategic situation and foreseeable future requirements, an effective strength of 33,000 is required to provide a larger regular field force to carry out cold war tasks. The Menzies government introduced conscription in 1964. The fighting lasted until 1975, when the communists overran the south and took its capital, Saigon.Australian Prime Minister, Robert Menzies, in Canberra in 1960, before Australia's commitment to the Vietnam War. War between the North and South ensued, and other countries, including the United States, Russia, and China, soon became involved. Fighting ended in 1954 with the partition of the country into communist North and non-communist South Vietnam.In 1957, communist rebels in the south, called Viet Cong, rose up. French attempts to retake Vietnam led to war with the communist Vietnamese, called Viet Minh. ![]() Japan took control briefly during World War II, and when the war ended with Japan's defeat in 1945, Ho Chi Minh, the leader of the Vietnamese Communist Party, declared Vietnam an independent nation. By 1890, however, France had taken over Vietnam. In 1802, a Nguyen lord, with the help of the French, defeated the Trinh and renamed the country Vietnam. By the mid-1500s, Dai Viet was divided between rival kingdoms: the Trinh in the north and the Nguyen in the south. Later dynasties renamed the country Dai Viet and gradually extended their territory south. 939, when a Vietnamese commander named Ngo Quyen organized a revolt that drove the Chinese out. ![]() In 111 B.C., Nam Viet became part of the Chinese empire, which ruled the north until A.D. These northern tribes flourished until 207 B.C., when their region was conquered by a Chinese lord, who established a kingdom called Nam Viet. Vietnam's first civilizations arose in the Red River Valley some 5,000 years ago. ![]()
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